There is no simple, universal answer to your question, except to try it.
Most professional microphones and pro-audio equipment is designed to run at impedances of around 50-500 ohms, or thereabouts. Impedance is a complex subject, and a complex measurement, involving resistance, capacitance, reactance, and I think something else.
Guitar gear is generally made to run at much higher impedance, 10,000 ohms or more. That's like hundreds or thousands of times higher than a typical microphone.
You generally won't harm gear by plugging into the "wrong" impedance. Instead, you will find weak, noisy, strangled, muffled, or distorted signal, and it's pretty safe to let your ears be your guide in this respect, so long as you are aware that you are "coloring outside the lines", so to speak. It might sound like shit, but you're not generally going to break your guitar or your microphone by plugging it into the wrong connection (ribbon mics excluded).
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