I don't know anything about musicbeam but it appears to be "sound activated", which is pretty common for lighting effects. Of course, the advantage of that is that you don't have to program it, or re-program it if you change the show. "DJ lights" are usually sound activated.
I think the "big shows" have some pre-programmed lighting sequences, but of course they have someone "running the lights", and there may be some sound-activated effects that can be switched in & out.
Typically, stage lights are controlled with
DMX. DMX controllers can be operated manually (something like an audio mixer, but for lights), they can be programmed, or some have audio-to-DMX conversion, depending the on the particular lighting effects.
MIDI and DMX are too-different to make any kind of standard conversion but people have built custom hardware (and probably software) to convert specific MIDI commands to specific DMX commands.