I started thinking that this feature might be possible to do with the new scripting possibilities in REAPER 5. I did get a basic version working. Haven't tested it in real use so probably some bad bugs remaining, but would be interesting to see if anyone here can come up with improvements or alternative ways to implement.
The script uses defer to wait until the user goes into playback, and if there are record-enabled tracks, it'll instead go to record. But once you stop, any changes will get undone. Whether it calls undo is based on the track hash. The way to keep changes is to either hit redo, or stop using pause, which will bypass undo.
So basically mapping your retrospective record shortcut to pause will emulate the workflow.
https://stash.reaper.fm/v/23772/reape...record_v01.zip