Got it! Multiplied the translated LFO value with the cutoff frequency, then added that to the cutoff frequency and divided the result by the sample rate to bring it to between 0 and 1. Seems to be correct so far anyway...
Code:
// Process the input signal
for (int i=0; i<numchans; i++)
{
// Get the sample to process
double sampleBeingProcessed = inputs[i][s];
// Filter
if (GetParam(kFilterActive)->Value())
{
frequency = GetParam(kFilterCutoff)->Value() / (oversampledsamplerate);
double resonance = GetParam(kFilterResonance)->Value();
inputFilter[i]->setQ(resonance);
lfotempval = LFODataGeneratedA[i][s];
lfotempval = pow(2.0, lfotempval)-1;
lfotempval = lfotempval * (GetParam(kFilterCutoffLFO1Mod)->Value() * 0.01);
convfreq = GetParam(kFilterCutoff)->Value() + (GetParam(kFilterCutoff)->Value()*lfotempval);
inputFilter[i]->setFc(convfreq / oversampledsamplerate);
filtered = inputFilter[i]->process(inputs[i][s]);
sampleBeingProcessed = filtered;
}