I don't know enough about HDMI, but I am fairly certain that at least with HDMI version 1 you could send maximum 8 PCM channels (uncompressed audio) whereas you might have been able to send more in a compressed Dolby format.
HDMI 2.1 seems to be capable to send more independent channels, but I am not sure. Have a look at this list:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDMI#Main_specifications
Latency would definitely be an issue with HDMI compared to your Roland interface.
But then again, you couldn't send more than 8 channels via ADAT either. So, it seems - unless you can make HDMI work (maybe with a compressed format) - there is no way to connect 10+ channels with your Denon amplifier.
EDIT: Totally forgot to welcome you to this forum and our lovely community